What can occur when collagen formation exceeds its degradation?

When collagen formation exceeds its degradation, it can lead to the development of keloids or hypertrophic scars. This occurs because the excessive production of collagen results in a buildup of fibrous tissue, which can extend beyond the original site of the wound. Keloids are characterized by their raised appearance, firmness, and sometimes itchiness or discomfort. They can grow beyond the borders of the initial injury, causing cosmetic concerns and potential functional impairments.

In contrast, normal wound healing involves a balanced process where collagen synthesis and degradation occur in tandem, resulting in appropriate scar formation that fades over time. When the balance is disrupted with excessive collagen production, the outcome is not just ineffective scar remodeling, but the creation of abnormal scars that can persist and present challenges for the individual.