What are the stages of bone fracture healing?

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The stages of bone fracture healing follow a well-established and sequential process, which includes inflammatory, soft callus, hard callus, and remodeling phases.

The inflammatory stage is the initial response to the injury and typically lasts for a few days. During this phase, blood vessels constrict to reduce bleeding at the fracture site, and inflammation occurs, bringing immune cells to help clear debris and prevent infection. This stage is critical for establishing the necessary environment for proper healing.

Following this, the soft callus stage begins, usually around 1 to 2 weeks post-injury. During this phase, a soft matrix of cartilage and connective tissue forms around the fracture site, providing some stability and protecting the area as new bone begins to develop.

The hard callus phase follows, typically occurring around 2 to 6 weeks after the injury, as the body starts to replace the soft callus with hard bone, solidifying the fracture and allowing for greater stability.

Finally, the remodeling stage can last several months to years. In this phase, the newly formed bone continues to change and adapt in response to stressors, returning to a more natural shape and structural integrity. Remodeling is essential for restoring the mechanical properties of the bone and ensuring it can withstand future forces

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