What are the main phases of wound healing?

The main phases of wound healing encompass several critical processes, and selecting granulation/proliferative and scar formation/maturation highlights significant stages in this complex biological response.

During the granulation or proliferative phase, the body focuses on restoring tissue integrity. This stage involves the formation of new tissue, which includes capillaries and connective tissue, a critical step in wound healing. Fibroblasts play a pivotal role by synthesizing collagen and extracellular matrix, contributing to the strength of the new tissue. This phase is characterized by the appearance of granulation tissue, which is vital for healing and preparing the wound bed for closure.

Following this, the scar formation and maturation phase, also known as remodeling, occurs where the new tissue slowly remodels and gains strength over time. Collagen fibers are reorganized, cross-linked, and aligned to form a stronger scar. While the scar may provide some degree of strength, it typically lacks the full functional properties of the original tissue. The maturation phase can take months to years, significantly influencing the long-term outcomes of healing and functional recovery.

Recognizing these two phases as central to wound healing emphasizes the biological complexity and the necessity of each phase in achieving effective recovery. It underscores the continuum of healing, from initial